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Population: the entire group of observational units

Sample: a part of the whole population from which the data is gathered

Representative: carefully selected sample that has similar characteristics of the population

Sample Size: number of observational units studied in a sample

Sampling Bias: sample that tends to overrepresent certain portions of a population

Convenience Sample: samples of subjects that are most readily available

Voluntary Response: sample collected in a way that the members choose whether or not to respond

Nonresponse: sample collected in which members choose to not respond

Sampling Frame- the part of the population from which the sample is to be drawn

Parameter- results for the whole population

Statistic- results for a sample

Observational Study- study without any interference with or results or variables

Explanatory Variable- the factor that explains why an outcome has occured (independent variable)

Response Variable- the changing factor that is a result of the explanatory variable (dependent variable)

Lurking Variable- a hidden factor that changes the results

Confounding Variable- factor that is unknown at the beginning but doesn't change results

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